Closed Conduit Hydraulics - Hazen Williams Equation
Hazen-Williams can be used to determine the flow characteristics in closed conduits (pipe systems).
For Velocity
S = slope, in decimal form. This is equivalent to
R = hydraulic radius,
C = Roughness Coefficient, get this from a table (available in both the AIO and CERM)
For Head Loss
To derive these has been substituted for S.
The Hazen-Williams equation is similar to the Darcy-Weisbach equation, but it is only used for turbulent flow.
When to use Hazen-Williams
- You are only given C
- You prefer it and are sure the flow is turbulent (Reynolds number (Re) > 4000)
- You are directly told to (from the examples it looks like several problem prompts do this)
When to NOT use Hazen-Williams
- The flow is NOT turbulent (Re < 2100)
- You are given
. If you are given a friction factor use Darcy-Weisbach
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